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Rather than mastering the full resources and history of the Japanese language, the way Oe and Mishima did, the suggestion is that Murakami writes a version stripped for export. HeвЂ™s created a place for himself in the international literary scene in a way that Yukio Mishima and myself were not able to.вЂќ The compliment barely conceals the implication that MurakamiвЂ™s success abroad is owed precisely to his simple, or simplified, language. He is translated into foreign languages and is widely read, especially in America, England, and China. In a Paris Review interview, Kenzaburo Oe, the Japanese novelist who won the Nobel Prize in 1994, made the point diplomatically, saying, вЂњMurakami writes in a clear, simple Japanese style.

Scott Fitzgerald, and he spent several years living in the United States.Д«ut in a world literary ecosystem where the domination of the English language is seen as the source of many ills, MurakamiвЂ™s very success in and with English inevitably becomes a point of criticism.

He has translated a wide range of American writers into Japanese, from Raymond Carver to F. As the New York Times summarized it, вЂњin Japan, the traditional literary critics regard his novels as un-Japanese and look askance at their Western influences, ranging from the writing style to the American cultural references.вЂќ MurakamiвЂ™s interest in American culture and literature is indisputable. Indeed, the criticism leveled at Murakami by the Japanese literary establishment has been remarkably consistent. Yet in 2014, Murakami told an interviewer that he considers himself вЂњa kind of outcast of the Japanese literary world,вЂќ an вЂњugly ducklingвЂќ who has never been embraced by writers and critics. His work has been translated into 50В languages, and he is often named as a leading candidate for the Nobel Prize. MurakamiвЂ™s celebrity in his native country is almost matched by his popularity abroad. In 2009, when he published 1Q84, a huge novel in three parts, it immediately became one of the best-selling books in Japanese history, selling a million copies in just one month. But when she writes that вЂњJapanвЂ™s best and brightest have turned their backs on literature,вЂќ there is a pointed and inevitable reflection on Murakami, who is by far the most popular novelist writing in Japan today. The name of Haruki Murakami does not appear in this passage or in MizumuraвЂ™s book at all. One hundred years from now, readers of those works will have no idea what it was like to live in the current Heisei period (starting in 1989) of Japan.вЂќ Like many other critics, Mizumura sees Americanization as a synonym for deracination, commodification, and dumbing-down: вЂњWorks of contemporary fiction tend to resemble global cultural goods, which, like Hollywood blockbuster films, do not require language-or translation-in the truest sense of the word.вЂќ вЂњRepresentative works of todayвЂ™s Japanese literature,вЂќ she writes, вЂњoften read like rehashes of American literature-ignoring not only the Japanese literary heritage but, more critically, the glaring fact that Japanese society and American society differ.

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.In The Fall of Language in the Age of English, Minae Mizumura offers a harsh judgment on the state of Japanese literature. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. Conclusions: This simultaneous miRNA/mRNA transcriptome profiling allowed us to predict with high accuracy target genes of myogenesis-related microRNAs and to deduce their functions.Д¬opyright, Publisher and Additional Information: mRNA transcriptome profiling performed in parallel resulted in identification of 6,616 genes differentially expressed during myogenic differentiation. Many were not known for being differentially expressed during myogenic differentiation. In total, we have identified 60 miRNAs differentially expressed during myogenic differentiation. Results: Here, we have performed miRNA transcriptome profiling in human affinity-purified CD56+ myoblasts induced to differentiate in vitro. Background: miRNA profiling performed in myogenic cells and biopsies from skeletal muscles has previously identified miRNAs involved in myogenesis.